Barriers and facilitators to implementation of antibiotic stewardship programmes in hospitals in developed countries: insights from transnational studies

FUNDING Funding was received from the Research Council of Norway (RCN) through the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) under the fourth call (2016). Costs included travel costs, running face-to-face meetings, and dissemination of results. HSRU is core funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. JG holds a Canada Research Chair in Health Knowledge Transfer an Uptake. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Information Specialist Ms. Cynthia Fraser, for help with the systematic search in the two databases. The named authors fulfill all four ICMJE criteria for authorship and have taken on those roles with agreement from the rest of the JPIAMR group, who were involved with conceptualization, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. In addition to the authors, the group includes Esmita Charani, Janet E Clarkson, Katie Gillies, Winfried V Kern, Fabiana Lorencatto, Charis A Marwick, Jo McEwen, Ralph Mohler, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Brita Skodvin, and Ingrid Smith.