The Truth About Fish (Oil) in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia.

To discuss the effect of fish oils on dyslipidemias and associated disorders. The most important lipid effect of fish oils is reducing plasma triglycerides and the main potential protection against cardiovascular events is very probably mediated also through other mechanisms including anti-inflammatory ones. The best results are available for omega-3 fatty acids, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid. Less evidence is available for the impact of ω-3 fatty acids on liver steatosis/steatohepatitis and acute pancreatitis. In addition, particular fish oils have variable content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with different anti- or pro-oxidative potential, and the suboptimal ratio of these compounds could attenuate or abolish their beneficial properties. Fish products with optimal proportion of fatty acids, particularly high content of eicosapentaenoic acid, could be recommended to patients with dyslipidemias, especially to those at high risk for cardiovascular disease; less evidence is available for liver disease and acute pancreatitis.