Self-antigen MASH2 combined with the AS15 immunostimulant induces tumor protection in colorectal cancer mouse models

Human achaete scute homolog 2 (HASH2) and its murine ortholog MASH2 are potential targets for colorectal cancer immunotherapy. We assessed immunogenicity and antitumor potential of recombinant MASH2 protein combined with AS15 immunostimulant (recMASH2+AS15) in CB6F1 and Apc+/Min-FCCC mice. CB6F1 mice received 4 injections of recMASH2+AS15 or AS15 alone before challenge with TC1-MASH2 tumor cells (Tumor Challenge). Apc+/Min-FCCC mice received 9 injections of recMASH2+AS15 or vehicle (phosphate buffer saline [PBS] or AS15 alone), before (two independent Prophylactic Studies) or after (Immunotherapy) colon adenomas were detectable by colonoscopy. CB6F1 mice immunized with recMASH2+AS15 had a significantly smaller mean tumor size and improved survival rate compared to controls (104 mm2 vs. 197 mm2 [p = 0.009] and 67% vs. 7% [p = 0.001], respectively). In Prophylactic Study 1, the mean number of colon adenomas was significantly lower in Apc+/Min-FCCC mice receiving recMASH2+AS15 compared to PBS (1.8 [95% confidence interval 1.0–3.3] vs. 5.2 [3.7–7.4], p = 0.003). Fewer microadenomas were observed in recMASH2+AS15 groups compared to PBS in both Prophylactic Studies (Study 1: mean 0.4 [0.2–1.0] vs. 1.5 [0.9–2.4], p = 0.009; Study 2: 0.4 [0.2–0.6] vs. 1.1 [0.8–1.5], p = 0.001). In the Immunotherapy Study, fewer colon adenomas tended to be observed in recMASH2+AS15-treated mice (4.1 [2.9–6.0]) compared to controls (AS15 4.7 [3.3–6.6]; PBS 4.9 [3.5–6.9]; no significant difference). recMASH2+AS15 induced MASH2-specific antibody and CD4+ responses in both mouse models. recMASH2+AS15 partially protected mice against MASH2-expressing tumors and reduced spontaneous colorectal adenomas in Apc+/Min-FCCC mice, indicating that MASH2/HASH2 antigens are targets for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.