Maternal and neonatal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and school‐age lung function, asthma and allergy. The Generation R Study
2019
markdownabstractBackground: Vitamin D deficiency in early life might affect the developing lung and
immune system, and subsequently influence the risk of asthma and allergy in later
life.
Objective: We examined the associations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in
mid‐gestation and at birth with lung function, asthma, inhalant allergic sensitization
and inhalant allergy at school‐age.
Methods: This study among 4951 children and their mothers was embedded in a
population‐based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Maternal ve‐
nous blood samples in mid‐gestation and umbilical cord blood samples at birth were
used to determine 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. At age 10 years, lung func‐
tion was measured by spirometry, current asthma and physician‐diagnosed inhalant
allergy by questionnaire, and inhalant allergic sensitization by skin prick tests. We
used multivariable regression models to examine associations.
Results: Higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid‐gestation were associ‐
ated with a higher forced vital capacity (FVC), but a lower forced expiratory volume
in 1 second/FVC (FEV1/FVC) and a lower forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75%
of FVC (FEF75) (Z‐score differences [95% CI] 0.02 [0.00, 0.03], −0.02 [−0.03, −0.01]
and −0.01 [‐0.03, −0.00], respectively, per 10 nmol/L 25‐hydroxyvitamin D), but not
with asthma. Furthermore, higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid‐gesta‐
tion were associated with an increased risk of inhalant allergy (Odds Ratio [95% CI]
1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), but not with inhalant allergic sensitization. After additional adjust‐
ment for child's 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at the age of 6 years, only the
associations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid‐gestation with FEV1/
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