Contrasting temporal patterns of mercury, niche dynamics, and body fat indices of polar bears and ringed seals in a melting icescape

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) have a strong predator-prey relationship and are facing climate-associated Arctic habitat loss and harmful dietary exposure to total mercury (THg) and other pollutants. However, little is known about whether both species inhabiting the same area exhibit similar temporal patterns in Hg concentration, niche dynamics, and body fat index. We used THg, δ13C and δ15N values of western Hudson Bay polar bear hair (2004-2016) and ringed seal muscle samples (2003-2015) to investigate temporal trends of these variables and multidimensional niche metrics, as well as body fat index indices for both species. We found a decline in THg concentration (by 3.8% per year) and δ13C (by 1.5‰ over 13 years) in ringed seals suggesting a change in feeding habits and carbon source use over time, whereas no significant changes occurred in polar bears. In contrast, polar bear 3-dimensional niche size decreased by nearly half with no change in ringed seal niche size. The δ...