Perspectivas de una bioeconomía forestal en el Mediterráneo

2018 
espanolLos bosques mediterraneos estan atrapados en una sorprendente paradoja. Son extremadamente valiosos. Son una infraestructura ecologica esencial que puede ayudar a abordar los desafios mas cruciales del cambio global. Sin embargo, parece que nuestra sociedad ha perdido la capacidad de valorarlos, de insertarlos en los flujos economicos y de desarrollar un enfoque adecuado para su gestion sostenible. De alguna manera, debido a su abandono y a los altos costes de la extincion de incendios, los bosques mediterraneos se han convertido en un sumidero de recursos publicos. El desarrollo de cadenas de valor sostenibles y complementarias, basadas tanto en bienes como en servicios, es la piedra angular de su proteccion y gestion, tal y como se establece en el Marco Estrategico de la FAO para los Bosques Mediterraneos. En este sentido, multiples iniciativas innovadoras estan teniendo lugar en toda la region. Expandir, replicar y adaptar la innovacion, pasando de nicho a norma, es un desafio importante que requiere accion en todos los niveles y en particular: a) un entorno politico favorable capaz de crear sinergias entre las politicas climaticas, industriales, urbanas y medioambientales; b) capacidades en investigacion, innovacion y creacion de empresas; c) acceso a financiacion, incluido el capital riesgo; d) un marco fuerte en materia de sostenibilidad; y e) el apoyo social, tambien a traves de nuevos patrones de consumo. Tal como se ha debatido en este capitulo, el potencial de los bienes y servicios forestales para contribuir a la bioeconomia circular en el sur de Europa es alto, pero no sucedera per se. EnglishMediterranean forests are caught in a surprising paradox. They are extremely valuable. They are a crucial ecological infrastructure that could help tackle the most demanding challenges of global change. However, it seems our society has lost the ability to value them, position them in the economic flow, and develop a suitable approach for their sustainable management. In some ways, due to their neglect and the high cost of putting out fires, Mediterranean forests have become a drain on public resources. The development of sustainable and complementary value chains, based on both goods and services, is the cornerstone of their protection and management, just as is established in the FAO's Strategic Framework on Mediterranean Forests. In this vein, numerous innovative initiatives are taking place all over the region. Expanding, replicating, and adapting this innovation, transforming it from niche to norm, is a significant challenge that requires action at all levels, in particular: a) a favourable political environment able to create synergies between climate, industrial, urban, and environmental policies; b) skills in research, innovation and business creation; c) access to financing, including venture capital; d) a strong sustainability framework; and e) social support, including through new patterns of consumption. As is debated in this chapter, the potential of forestry goods and services to contribute to the circular bioeconomy in southern Europe is high, but will not just happen per se.
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