Analysis of the relationship between the morphology of the palate and facial skeletal patterns in Class III malocclusion using structural equation modelling

INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated the relationship between facial skeletal patterns and morphology of the palate in adult patients with Class III malocclusion using structural equation modelling (SEM). SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: One hundred cone beam computed tomography images of Class III adults were evaluated for skeletal measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The skeletal measurements were classified into the vertical, anteroposterior and transverse group based on factor analysis. 3D scanning model of the maxilla was analysed by Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse relationship among the skeletal and morphometric factors. RESULTS: According to the factor analysis, latent variables were extracted by each skeletal variable. First principal component (PC1) and PC2 of palatal morphology were used to analyse relationship with skeletal variables. As results of the structural equation model, the transverse latent variable had the most influence on PC1, followed by vertical and anteroposterior variables. This result means that as the facial width increases, the palate becomes narrower, deeper and longer. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between the skeletal pattern with Class III malocclusion and palatal morphology was analysed through SEM. The transverse facial skeletal pattern showed the highest correlation with PC1 of palatal morphology.