Importance Sampling for Pathwise Sensitivity of Stochastic Chaotic Systems.

This paper proposes a new pathwise sensitivity estimator for chaotic SDEs. By introducing a spring term between the original and perturbated SDEs, we derive a new estimator by importance sampling. The variance of the new estimator increases only linearly in time $T,$ compared with the exponential increase of the standard pathwise estimator. We compare our estimator with the Malliavin estimator and extend both of them to the Multilevel Monte Carlo method, which further improves the computational efficiency. Finally, we also consider using this estimator for the SDE with small volatility to approximate the sensitivities of the invariant measure of chaotic ODEs. Furthermore, Richardson-Romberg extrapolation on the volatility parameter gives a more accurate and efficient estimator. Numerical experiments support our analysis.