The Healthy Nordic Diet and Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Disability 10 Years Later in Home-Dwelling Old Adults

Abstract Background/Objective Diet has a major impact on a person's health. However, limited information exists on the long-term role of the whole diet on disability. We investigated the association of the healthy Nordic diet and the Mediterranean dietwith incident disability 10 years later. Design Longitudinal, with a follow-up of 10 years. Settings/Participants A total of 962 home-dwelling men and women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, mean age 61.6 years, who were free of disability at baseline. Measurements At baseline, 2001-2004, the Nordic diet score (NDS) and modified Mediterranean dietscore (mMDS) were calculated using a validated 128-item food-frequency questionnaire. Higher scores indicated better adherence to the diet. Participants' incident disability was assessed during 2011-2013 by a self-reported questionnaire and was based on mobility limitations and difficulties to perform self-careactivities. Analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results In total, 94 participants (9.8%) developed mobility limitations and 45 participants (4.7%) developed difficulties in self-careactivities during 10 year follow-up. The likelihood of having mobility limitations (odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.80) and difficulties in self-careactivities (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.94) were lower among those in the highest NDS tertile than among those in the lowest NDS tertile. Greater mMDS was associated with a lower disability incidence; however, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusions/Implications Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet predicts 10-year incidence of mobility limitations and difficulties to perform self-careactivities in old age and may thus be protective against disability in Nordic population.