Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACTPurpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in older adults. Evidence for an association between AMD and mortality remains inconclusive despite evidence for an association with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We aim to compare all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality between those with early or late AMD and control study participants.Methods: A protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42015020622). A systematic search of Medline (Ovid), PubMed, and Embase (Ovid) was conducted on 6 June 2015. Reference lists from identified studies and four clinical trial registries were searched for additional studies. Participants were required to be over the age of 40 years, and AMD status must have been objectively assessed. The Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.Results: A total of 12 reports from 10 studies were incl...