Unraveling the predictive role of temperature in the gut microbiota of the sea urchin Echinometra sp. EZ across spatial and temporal gradients.

Shifts in microbial communities represent a rapid response mechanism for host organisms to respond to changes in environmental conditions. Therefore, they are likely to be important in assisting the acclimatization of hosts to seasonal temperature changes as well as to variation in temperatures across a species' range. The Persian/Arabian Gulf is the world's warmest sea, with large seasonal fluctuations in temperature (20 °C - 37 °C) and is connected to the Gulf of Oman which experiences more typical oceanic conditions ( 300 km distance between the furthest sites and the extreme seasonal variations. Notably, over 50% of the ASVs identified from the two datasets belonged to the family Vibrionaceae. Together, our results identify temperature as a robust predictor of community-level variation and putatively highlight specific microbial taxa involved in the response to thermal environment.