Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars
2018
In this Letter, we present a cosmic
Bell experimentwith polarization-entangled photons, in which measurement settings were determined based on real-time measurements of the wavelength of photons from high-redshift
quasars, whose light was emitted billions of years ago, the experiment simultaneously ensures locality. Assuming fair sampling for all detected photons and that the wavelength of the
quasarphotons had not been selectively altered or previewed between emission and detection, we observe statistically significant violation of Bell's inequality by $9.3$ standard deviations, corresponding to an estimated $p$ value of $\lesssim 7.4 \times 10^{-21}$. This experiment pushes back to at least $\sim 7.8$ Gyr ago the most recent time by which any local-realist influences could have exploited the "
freedom-of-
choice" loophole to engineer the observed Bell violation, excluding any such mechanism from $96\%$ of the space-time volume of the past
light coneof our experiment, extending from the
big bangto today.
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