Cytoplasmic granule formation by FUS-R495X is attributable to arginine methylation in all Gly-rich, RGG1 and RGG2 domains.

Many mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene has been identified as genetic causative factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since a certain number of mutants form aberrant cytoplasmic granules under specific conditions, granule forming ability of FUS is believed to be linked to the pathogenesis of ALS. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this property remains unclear. An ALS-linked FUS mutant, R495X, shows extensive cytoplasmic localization and forms granules in neurons. In the present study, using R495X domain deletion constructs, we revealed that deletion of any of Gly-rich, RGG1 or RGG2 significantly suppressed granule formation. Further, when neurons expressing EGFP-R495X were treated with an arginine methylation inhibitor, the number of cells displaying R495X granules was significantly reduced. When FLAG-tagged arginine N-methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) was co-expressed with EGFP-R495X to facilitate its methylation, the number of cells with granules was significantly increased. Collectively, these findings suggest that cytoplasmic granule formation by R495X is attributable to the arginine methylation in all Gly-rich, RGG1 and RGG2 domains.