On the origins and the evolution of the fuel-cladding bonding phenomenon in PWR fuel rods

Abstract This study proposes a new and detailed description of the fuel-cladding bonding phenomenon occurring in PWR fuel rods. Very early and late bonding states were characterized on specimens of 35.3 GWd.t U −1 moderate burnup and of 64.5 GWd.t U −1 high burnup respectively. Results were then compared with those achieved on a re-created bonded situation obtained on a Zircaloy-4/hyper-stoichiometric UO 2+x model materials diffusion couple. These results tend to indicate that a chemical adhesion is probably at the origin of the PWR fuel-cladding bonding. In addition, the progressive formation of ZrO 2 /UO 2 interfacial circumvolutions observed with increasing burnup, which lead to the physical anchorage of ZrO 2 and UO 2 , is likely to lead to their mechanical adhesion. Thus, the in-reactor ZrO 2 /UO 2 bonding could be considered, since the occurrence of the first bonded situations, as an adhesion phenomenon owning two components: an initial chemical progressively strengthened by a second mechanical.