Topical morphine for treatment of cancer-related painful mucosal and cutaneous lesions: a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial

Introduction Painful mucosal and cutaneous lesions are often less responsive or even refractory to systemic opioid analgesics. There is evidence suggesting that the effectiveness of topical morphine be restricted to inflammatory pain. The studied groups were small and the observation period relatively short. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of topical morphine for pain related to mucosal lesions and skin ulcers.