Patient-reported outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes in global real-world clinical practice: the SAGE study.

AIMS This secondary analysis of the SAGE study aimed to evaluate the association between glycaemic control and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) across different age groups and regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS SAGE was a multinational, cross-sectional, observational study in adults with T1DM. Data were collected at a single visit, analysed according to predefined age groups (26-44, 45-64, and ≥65 years), and reported across different regions. PRO questionnaires were applied to assess hypoglycaemia fear (Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II [HFS-II]), diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas In Diabetes [PAID]), insulin treatment satisfaction (Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire [ITSQ]), and diabetes-specific quality of life (Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life [ADDQoL]). Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c target achievement (<7 % and individualised targets) with PRO scores. RESULTS PRO scores showed relatively low levels of diabetes-related emotional distress and fear of hypoglycaemia, moderate to high treatment satisfaction, and low diabetes-related impact on quality of life. Results were generally comparable across age groups with some regional variability. Achievement of HbA1c <7 % target was associated with less worry about hypoglycaemia, lower diabetes-related emotional distress, higher insulin treatment satisfaction, and higher quality of life. Achievement of individualised HbA1c targets was associated with lower diabetes-related emotional distress and higher insulin treatment satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Better glycaemic control was most closely associated with low emotional distress due to diabetes and high patient-reported insulin treatment satisfaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.