Jumping on the Edge—First Evidence for a 2 × 6-meric Hemocyanin in Springtails
2019
Hemocyaninsare respiratory dioxygen
carrier proteinsfound in many arthropods including ancient terrestrial species such as spiders and
scorpionsas well as marine
horseshoe crabs. As
hemocyaninsare highly conserved in this lineage, it is possible to observe an evolutionary descent through its subunits and their overall structure. Unfortunately, little is known about the structure and function of
hexapod
hemocyanins. Using recent
springtailtaxa (Collembola) as models for basal
hexapods, and the help of electron microscopy, light scattering, SDS PAGE, and
Western blot, we could demonstrate for the first time the presence of 2 × 6-meric
hemocyaninsin the
hemolymphof
hexapods. The quaternary structure is composed of at least two different subunits and looks nearly identical to the
hemocyaninfound in decapod
crustaceans. In addition,
homology modelingand
western blottingsuggest a close structural relationship between collembolan and
crustacean
hemocyanin. Such a respiratory protein was possibly helpful in the early terrestrialization process of ancient Collembola. In addition, physiological adaptations to hypoxic or temporarily anoxic conditions could be a possible explanation for the presence of this respiratory protein. Nevertheless, it has to be concluded that the primary benefit of
hemocyaninfor
springtailsremains unclear.
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