Knockout of RAGE ameliorates mainstream cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in mice

Abstract Background The receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE), a multiligand receptor, has been proved to be implicated in inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we investigated the role of RAGE in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway inflammation in COPD. Methods Wild-type (WT) and RAGE gene knockout(KO) mice were exposed to mainstream CS or room air for 2 h twice daily, 6 days per week for consecutive 4 weeks. Cell counts and proinflammatory cytokineswere measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissues were collected for histological examination and gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray. Results CS exposure induced significant airway inflammation in WT mice evidenced by histological inflammatory changes in HE stain with increased neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokinesin the BALF, which were all attenuated by RAGE KO. cDNA microarray indicated a total of 179 upregulated genes and 351 downregulated genes in mouse lungs. Among these genes, S100 proteins( S100A8and S100A9), the RAGE common ligands, were significantly downregulated, which were validated by real-time qPCR. Further analyses by Gene Ontology, KEGGand Disease Ontologysuggested these differentiated expressed genes significantly related to the immune-inflammatory responses in lungs via crosstalking with a complicated network of signaling pathways. Conclusions Knockout of RAGE significantly ameliorates mainstream CS-induced airway inflammation in mice possibly via downregulating S100A8/A9 expression and its related immune-inflammatory responses.