A Single Surgeon Direct Comparison of O-arm Neuronavigation versus Mazor X™ Robotic-Guided Posterior Spinal Instrumentation

Abstract Purpose To compare intraoperative surgical instrumentation techniques with image-guidance versus robotic-guided procedures for posterior spinal fusion. Methods A retrospective review of institutional data collected from a single surgeon was utilized to compare surgical outcomes between O-arm neuronavigation and the Mazor X™ robotic-assistance system for placement of posterior spinal instrumentation in a consecutive series of patients. Univariate statistical significance testing compared time spent in the operating room, blood loss, screw accuracy, and wound healing. Results Between January 2017 and February 2019, 46 O-arm cases (mean age 59.6 years + 13.7 years) and 39 Mazor X™ cases (mean age 59.5 years + 12.4 years) were conducted. Cases were classified as degenerative, infectious, oncologic, and trauma with a mean of 4.57 and 5.43 levels operated on using O-arm neuronavigation and Mazor X™, respectively. Mean operative times (p = 0.124), EBL (p = 0.212), wound revision rates (p = 0.560), and clinically acceptable instrumentation placement (p = 0.076) did not demonstrate significance between the two groups. However, screw placement was significantly more accurate and precise (p = 1 x 10-9) with robotic-assistance when considering Gertzbein-Robbins (GR) A placement. Conclusions Although a trend toward greater accuracy was noticed with robotic technology when determining clinically acceptable screws, there was not a significant difference when compared to O-arm neuronavigation. However, robotic technology has a significant effect on both precision and accuracy in GR A screw placement. Robotics does not have a clear advantage when discussing infection rates, intraoperative blood loss, or operative time.