Preoperative lipiodol marking and its role on survival and complication rates of CT-guided cryoablation for small renal masses

Partial nephrectomy for small renal masses (SRM) may be useful for preserving renal function, but is technically more difficult than radical nephrectomy. Cryoablationmay be performed under local anesthesia. The objective of the present study is to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of cryoablationwith lipiodolmarking for SRM. Cryoablationtherapy was performed on 42 patients under local anesthesia. Their median age was 74 years (31–91). The median tumor diameter was 21 mm (10–42). Responses to the treatment were evaluated using modified Response Evaluation Criteriain Solid Tumors(mRECIST) by contrast-enhanced CT. In six patients (14.3%) for whom it was not possible to use contrast medium, plain CT findings were assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteriain Solid Tumors(RECIST). Twenty-nine (69%) and five (12%) patients achieved complete responses (CR) and partial responses (PR), respectively, while four (10%) and four (10%) patients each had stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) after the first course of therapy. A second course of cryoablationtherapy with lipiodolmarking was performed on three out of four patients with PD after the first course of therapy, and resulted in a total of 32 patients achieving CR (76%). Four (36.4%) out of 11 patients for whom lipiodolmarking was not conducted had PD, whereas none of the 31 patients for whom lipiodolmarking was conducted had PD. All grade complications were reported in 11 (24.4%) patients while grade 3 in two (4.4%) patients. 11 (24.4%) A significant difference was observed in postoperative hemorrhagic events in all grades (18% in patients undergoing cryoablationwithout lipiodolmarking vs. 0% in patients undergoing cryoablationwithout lipiodolmarking). Although further studies involving more patients are needed in order to evaluate long-term results, cryoablationtherapy appears to be a useful treatment option for SRM. Preoperative marking with lipiodolwas helpful for improving complication and survival rates with cryoablation.