Stadia acoustic atmosphere and spectator experience: Quantifying crowd noise with architectural form

Very little reliable data exist on noise levels and associated crowd atmosphere in stadia. Discussed frequently in the media, several stadia are often portrayed as having the “best” and/or “noisiest” atmosphere. However, there is no accurate basis or measurement for these claims. This poses challenges when designing new stadiums with the intent to improve spectator experience. Architectural elements such as overhangs and vertical sound reflecting surfaces are well known to redirect acoustic energy and improve the overall noise level. However, the direct impact of these elements on crowd behavior and overall atmosphere is not well documented and limits quantifying drivers for new designs. Noise level data were gathered in this study from various stadia and correlated to architectural form using acoustic modeling. The paper details the data gathered at football games played at Autzen Stadium (partial roof overhang) and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (open bowl architecture). The measured statistical data...