Impact of androgen-deprivation therapy on the immune system: implications for combination therapy of prostate cancer.

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. Overview of prostate cancer2.2. Overview of androgensignaling 2.3. Androgen-deprivation therapyin prostate cancer2.4. Overview of immune system development: T and B cells 2.4.1. T-cell development 2.4.2. B-cell development 3. Influence of androgenson lymphocyte development and activation 3.1. Immune system subsets bearing sex steroidreceptors 3.2. Effects of androgendeprivation on T cells 3.3. Effects of androgendeprivation on B cells 4. Evidence for androgendeprivation immunotherapyin prostate cancer4.1. Evidence for T cell-directed immunotherapyin prostate cancer4.2. Evidence for B cell-directed immunotherapyin prostate cancer5. Vaccine therapyfor prostate cancer6. Implications for combining ADT and immune therapy 7. Ongoing and planned clinical trials 8. Conclusions 9. Acknowledgments 10. References