A 77-GHz 8RX3TX Transceiver for 250-m Long-Range Automotive Radar in 40-nm CMOS Technology

An automotive 77-GHz long-range radar (LRR) with an 8-channel receiver (RX) and a 3-channel transmitter (TX) in 40-nm CMOS technology is presented. It integrates a 38.5-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL), a transmitter power detector (DET) and power calibration loop, a crystal oscillator (XO), built-in-self-test (BIST) circuits, an SRAM, an eFuse, a temperature compensation calibration loop with a lookup table (LUT) and a temperature sensor, a serial peripheral interface (SPI), and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) control logic. The receiver shows a noise figure (NF) of 8.7 dB and input-referred 1-dB compression point (IP1-dB) of −7.4 dBm. The NF and IP1-dB under the worst conditions are 14 dB and −10 dBm, respectively. The transmitter shows output power of 14.1 dBm and phase noise of −116 dBc/Hz at a 12.5-MHz offset frequency, which corresponds to the frequency of 250-m objects for the fast-chirp frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The proposed radar module utilizes two transmitter channels for horizontal detection. A 2 $\times $ 8 time-division-multiplexing MIMO (TDM-MIMO) technique provides a detection range of 250 m.