The current state and future direction of DoD gut microbiome research: a summary of the first DoD gut microbiome informational meeting

The gut microbiomeis increasingly recognized as integral to human health, and is emerging as a mediator of human physical and cognitive performance. This has led to the recognition that US Department of Defense (DoD) research supporting a healthy and resilient gut microbiomewill be critical to optimizing the health and performance of future Warfighters. To facilitate knowledge dissemination and collaboration, identify resource capabilities and gaps, and maximize the positive impact of gut microbiomeresearch on the Warfighter, DoD partners in microbiome research participatedin a 2-day informational meeting co-hosted by the Natick Soldier Research, Engineering and Development Center (NSRDEC) and the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine(USARIEM) on 16–17 November 2015. Attendee presentations and discussions demonstrated that multiple DoD organizations are actively advancing gut microbiomeresearch. Common areasof research included the influence of military-relevant stressors on interactions between the microbiomeand Warfighter biology, manipulation of the microbiometo influence Warfighter health, and use of the microbiomeas a biomarker of Warfighter health status. Although resources and capabilities are available, they vary across laboratories and it was determined that centralizing certain DoD capabilities could accelerate progress. More significantly, the meeting created a foundation for a coordinated gut microbiomeand nutrition research program aligning key DoD partners in the area of microbiomeresearch. This report details the presentations and discussions presented during the 1st DoD Gut MicrobiomeInformational Meeting.