Expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell membrane adhesion molecule Cd146 in acute leukemia

2016
Background The expression of the immunoglobulin superfamilycell membrane adhesion molecule CD146has been reported on several normal and pathological cell types in human. The aim of this study was to investigate CD146expression in acute leukemia using a multiparametric cytofluorimetric approach. Methods Cytofluorimetric and cytogenetic studies were performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 162 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 121) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL, n = 41). ALLpatients were subdivided in B- ALL(n = 38) and T- ALL(n = 3). Adult (n = 18) and pediatric (n = 20) B- ALLwere considered as a whole group. Results Four out of 121 (3.3%) AML cases, 14/38 (36.8%) B- ALL, and 2/3 (66.6%) T- ALLexpressed CD146on 12–98% of blasts (p < 0.001). CD146expression was not observed in 10 healthy controls. Among B- ALL CD146-positive cases, 78.6% were associated with a “common”/BII- ALLand 21.4% with a pre-B/BIII- ALLimmunophenotype while pro-B/BI- ALLand mature-B/BIV- ALLcases were CD146-negative. Statistical analysis showed CD146expression strongly associated with Ph+ positivity in B- ALLwith the highest percentage of CD146-positive blasts in allPh-positive B- ALLcases (84 ± 22% Ph-positive B- ALLSD vs. 40 ± 24% SD in Ph-negative B- ALL; p < 0,001). Conclusion In our series, CD146was expressed in allcases of Ph-positive B- ALLand in the vast majority of T- ALL, whereas it was rarely expressed by AML blasts. We suggest that CD146may be considered as an additional marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual diseasein those cases which are CD146-positive at diagnosis. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
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