Általános iskolák beltéri levegőminősége Közép-Európában - Az InAirQ projekt = Indoor ir Air Quality in Central European Primary School Buildings – The InAirQ Project

A Nemzeti Nepegeszsegugyi Kozpont konzorciumvezetőkent reszt vett az InAirQ elnevezesű nemzetkozi projektben, melynek celja, tobbek kozott, a belteri levegőminőseg vizsgalata altalanos iskolakban, illetve olyan akciotervek kidolgozasa, melyekkel a belteri levegő minősege javithato. Egy kampany kereteben osszesen hatvannegy altalanos iskola egy-egy osztalytermet vizsgaltuk a Cseh Koztarsasagban (n = 12), Magyarorszagon (n = 16), Olaszorszagban (n = 12), Lengyelorszagban (n = 12) es Szloveniaban (n = 12). A bel- es kulteri levegőminőseg vizsgalatara iranyulo mintaveteleket a 2017/2018-as fűtesi időszakban vegeztuk a kivalasztott iskolaepuleteknel. A legszennyezők kozul meghataroztuk szamos aldehid es illekony szerves vegyulet, a kismeretű aeroszol reszecskek (PM2.5), a szen-dioxid es a radon koncentraciojat. A felmeres ideje alatt nehany fizikai parameter (hőmerseklet, relativ paratartalom) alakulasat is nyomon kovettuk. Jelentős eltereseket tapasztaltunk szamos legszennyező anyag eseten a felmeresben resztvevő orszagok kozott. A benzol koncentracioja a vizsgalt iskolak 37%-aban meghaladta az Europai Bizottsag altal, a kulteri kornyezetre meghatarozott eves hatarerteket (5 μg/m3). Azonban a belteri benzol koncentracio minden esetben a kulteri ertekkel kozel azonos volt, igy kijelenthető, hogy a benzolnak nincs jelentős belteri forrasa. A formaldehid koncentracioja belteren minden esetben meghaladta a kulteri erteket, azonban egyik esetben sem erte el az Egeszsegugyi Vilagszervezet (WHO) altal javasolt iranyerteket (100 μg/m3). A PM2.5 tomegkoncentracio az iskolak 56%-aban meghaladta a WHO altal megallapitott 24 oras iranyerteket (25 μg/m3), illetve az iskolak 85%-aban az eves (10 μg/m3) iranyerteket meghalado ertekeket mertunk. A vizsgalt osztalytermekben a szen-dioxid koncentracioja tobb esetben is magas volt (az atlag meghaladta a 1000 ppm erteket), jelezve az elegtelen szellőztetest. A komforterzetet befolyasolo parameterek kozul a relativ paratartalom sok esetben nagyon alacsony volt. A radon koncentracioja 100 Bq/m3 korul mozgott, kiveve nehany osztalytermet Magyarorszagon, Lengyelorszagban es Szloveniaban. The National Public Health Center participated as a consortium leader in the international project called InAirQ, aiming to investigate the indoor air quality (IAQ) and to take actions to improve the indoor environment in primary school buildings. In total, sixty-four primary school buildings were investigated in the Czech Republic (n = 12), Hungary (n = 16), Italy (n = 12), Poland (n = 12), and Slovenia (n = 12). The air quality was investigated during the heating period of 2017/2018. The concentration of volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, PM2.5 mass, carbon dioxide, radon were investigated. Physical parameters (e.g. temperature, relative humidity) were also monitored. Significant differences were identified for the majority of the investigated IAQ parameters across the countries. The concentration of benzene was higher than 5 μg m-3, the annual limit value set for the ambient air by the European Commission, in 37% of the investigated school buildings. It must be noted that the concentration of benzene indoors was similar to that obtained for outdoors in all cases which indicates the lack of indoor sources. The concentration of formaldehyde was always higher indoors than outdoors, although the concentration of formaldehyde never reached the WHO guideline (100 μg m-3). The PM2.5 mass concentration values exceeded the 24-h and annual guideline values set by the World Health Organization in 56 and 85% of the cases, respectively. The carbon-dioxide concentration was high in the majority of the classrooms (the average value exceeded 1000 ppm), indicating the inappropriate ventilation. Among the parameters affecting the comfort of the students, the relative humidity was very low in many cases. The radon level was around or below 100 Bq m-3, except for some locations in Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia.