Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficientindividuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declareconfirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declaredin immunodeficientpatients in France; Cryptosporidium parvumand Cryptosporidium hominisrepresented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declaredin SOT recipients, mycophenolatemofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiencyor even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidiumfree water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.