Fish and seabird spatial distribution and abundance around the largest seabird colony in the baltic sea

We studied the at-sea distribution of two auks (Common Murre Uria aalge, Razorbill Alca torda), two gulls ( Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus, Herring Gull Larusargentatus), and Great CormorantPhalacrocorax carbo during the peak breeding season of 2014 around Stora Karlso, the main Baltic Sea seabirdcolony. Simultaneously, we quantified forage fishabundance and distribution using hydro-acoustics and pelagic trawling. The auks and gulls had a roughly similar distribution, foraging mainly about 40 km west-northwest from the colony. Great Cormorantswere found only in inshore areas, close to the colony. Sprat Sprattus sprattusand herring Clupeaharengus biomass was, respectively, 1.38 and 2.68 mt/km2 averaged over the whole study area. These estimates represent a total biomass for small pelagic fish of 17 900 t in the 4 408 km2 study area. The estimated prey consumption over the breeding season was 2 310 t for Common Murre and Razorbill combined. Thus, auks may have a non-negligible impact on their prey sources in the region. Common Murres foraged closer to the colony (median 36.3 km) than Razorbills (median 41.1 km), but we found no significant correlation between auk at-sea numbers and fish densities. We discuss how new technology can contribute to detailed monitoring of the interactions between seabirdsand fish at different spatial and temporal scales, with the ultimate aim of providing a scientific basis for ecosystem-based management. (Less)