Paradoxical Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The HFpEF of Aortic Stenosis

The flow and gradient patterns in aortic stenosis reflect the complex interaction of the valve and underlying comorbidities on the myocardium ([Figure 1][1]). In the presence of symptoms, we believe patients with paradoxical low-gradient (PLG) aortic stenosis have a syndrome akin to heart failure