MiR-27a-3p and miR-124-3p, upregulated in endometrium and serum from women affected by Chronic Endometritis, are new potential molecular markers of endometrial receptivity

Chronic endometritis (CE) is usually asymptomatic and different studies demonstrated the relation with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Altered regulation of protein-encoding genes in CE has been demonstrated, but no evidence about the involvement of microRNAs in the pathology is present in literature.In the endometrium from 15 women with CE and 15 healthy women, by RT-qPCR single assays, we investigated some microRNAs targeting IL11, CCL4, IGF1, and IGFBP1, which mRNAs had been found differentially expressed in endometrium of women affected by CE. The expression of IGF1 and IL11, targets of the deregulated microRNAs, has been analyzed in the same endometrium samples. We assessed the expression profiles of the deregulated microRNAs in the serum of the same patients validating their ability as biomarkers by statistical analysis.We demonstrated the upregulation of miR-27a-3p and miR-124-3p in the endometrium and serum from women with CE and found an anticorrelation relationship between miR-27a-3p and IGF1 in endometrium. ROC curve analysis suggested that miRNA investigation in endometrium and serum could discriminate women with CE.MiR-27a-3p and miR-124-3p could represent non-invasive markers of CE and, in a near future, could be used to assess the endometrial quality in IVF.