(-)-Stepholidine is a potent pan-dopamine receptor antagonist of both G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling

Rationale (−)- Stepholidineis a tetrahydroberberine alkaloid that is known to interact with dopamine receptorsand has also been proposed as a novel antipsychotic agent. Its suggested noveltylies in the fact that it has been proposed to have D1-like receptoragonist and D2-like receptorantagonist properties. Thus, it might be effective in treating both positive and negative (cognition) symptoms of schizophrenia. However, its activity on specific dopamine receptorsubtypes has not been clarified, especially with respect to its ability to activate D1-like receptors.