Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins determine glioblastoma stem-like cells fate depending on oxygen level
2018
In
glioblastomas, apoptosis
inhibitor proteins(IAPs) are involved in apoptotic and non-apoptotic processes. Here we used GDC-0152, a small molecule IAP inhibitor, to explore how IAPs participate in
glioblastomastem-like cell maintenance and fate under both hypoxic and normoxic environments. In hypoxia, IAPs inhibition triggered stem-like cells apoptosis and decreased proliferation in four human
glioblastomacell lines, whereas in normoxia it induced a loss of stemness and differentiation. In addition, we characterized a 3D
glioblastomaspheroid model. By using
MALDI imageswe validated that GDC-0152 penetrates in the entire sphere. TOF-SIMS analyses revealed an oxygen gradient correlated with spatial cellular heterogeneity with proliferative and apoptotic cells located close to the hypoxic core and GFAP+ cells at the periphery. Notably, Serine-Threonine Kinases activation analysis revealed that oxygen level affects signaling pathways activated by GDC-0152. In hypoxia, IAPs inhibition activated ATR whereas in normoxia it activated NF-κB. Our data brings new mechanistic insights revealing the dual role of IAPs inhibitors like GDC-0152 that are relevant to their therapeutic application in tumors like
glioblastomas.
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