Perceived Socioeconomic Status: A New Type of Identity That Influences Adolescents’ Self-Rated Health

Abstract Purpose The cognitive, social, and biological transitions of adolescence suggest that subjective perceptions of social positionbased on the socioeconomichierarchy may undergo important changes during this period; yet how such perceptions develop is poorly understood, and no studies have assessed whether changes in such perceptions influence adolescents' health. This study describes adolescents' subjective perceptions of familial socioeconomic status( SSS), how SSSchanges over time, and how age, race, and objective socioeconomic status(SES) indicators influence SSS. In addition, the study determines whether SSSindependently influences adolescents' self-rated health, an important predictor of morbidity and health service use. Methods A total of 1179 non-Hispanic black and white baseline 7–12th graders from a Midwestern public school district completed a validated, teen-specific measure of SSSannually for 4 consecutive years. A parent provided information on SES. Markov modeling assessed transitions in SSSover time. Results SSSdeclined with age ( p = .001) and stabilized among older teens. In addition to age, SES and race, but not gender, were significant correlates of SSS, but the relationships between these factors were complex. In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, black teens from families with low parent education had higher SSSthan white teens from similarly educated families, whereas white teens from highly educated families had higher SSSthan black teens from highly educated families. Lower SSSand changes in SSSpredicted poor self-rated healtheven when adjusting for race and objective SES measures. Conclusion Subjective evaluations of socioeconomic statuspredict adolescents' global health ratings even when adjusting for the sociodemographic factors that shape them.