Truth and Uncertainty. A critical discussion of the error concept versus the uncertainty concept

Abstract. Contrary to the claims put forward in “Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, issued by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, the error concept and the uncertainty concept are the same. Arguments in favour of the contrary have been analyzed and were found not compelling. Neither was any evidence presented in this document that “errors” and “uncertainties” define a different relation between the measured and the true value of the variable of interest, nor does this document refer to a Bayesian account of uncertainty beyond the mere endorsement of a degree-of-belief-type conception of probability.