Skin Conditions in Early Parkinson’s Disease

ABSTRACT Objective Skin conditions have been associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Little is known about clinical and biomarker differences according to presence of skin conditions among PD patients. Studying these differences might provide insight into PD pathogenesis. Methods We examined the association between common skin conditions and risk of PD in a case-control study of 423 early drug-naive PD cases and 196 healthy controls (HC) in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Among PD participants, we examined if skin conditions were associated with clinical and PD-relevant biomarkers. Results Skin conditions occurred more frequently among PD participants (41%) relative to HC (32%). In multivariate analyses, we observed an association between any skin condition and PD (OR=1.49, 95% CI= 1.03-2.16) and basal cell carcinoma and PD (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.02- 4.08). PD participants who reported skin conditions were older (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.21-2.35,) more educated (OR=1.70, 95% CI=0.99-2.91), had higher Semantic Fluency Test (SFT) scores (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.07-1.96) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) retention scores (OR=1.55, 95% CI= 1.09-2.22) compared to PD patients without skin conditions. None of the associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions We observed a positive association between any skin condition as well as basal cell carcinoma and PD. PD participants with skin conditions were older, more educated, had higher SFT and HVLT retention scores compared to those without skin conditions. However, all associations were no longer significant after Bonferroni multiple comparisons correction. Observed associations should be confirmed in larger, longitudinal studies.