Induction Mapping of the 3D-Modulated Spin Texture of Skyrmions in Thin Helimagnets

Envisaged applications of skyrmionsin magnetic memory and logic devices crucially depend on the stability and mobility of these topologically non-trivial magnetic textures in thin films. We present for the first time quantitative maps of the magnetic inductionthat provide evidence for a 3D modulation of the skyrmionicspin texture. The projected in-plane magnetic inductionmaps as determined from in-line and off-axis electron holographycarry the clear signature of Bloch skyrmions. However, the magnitude of this induction is much smaller than the values expected for homogeneous Bloch skyrmionsthat extend throughout the thickness of the film. This finding can only be understood, if the underlying spin textures are modulated along the out-of-plane z direction. The projection of (the in-plane magnetic inductionof) helices is further found to exhibit thickness-dependent lateral shifts, which show that this z modulation is accompanied by an (in-plane) modulation along the x and y directions.