Paleosol and ichnofossil evidence for significant Neotropical habitat variation during the late middle Miocene (Serravallian)
2017
Abstract We use
paleopedologyand
ichnologyto elucidate the habitat of the late middle Miocene fossil site of Quebrada Honda, southern Bolivia. The
paleosolsrepresent three pedotypes, Type 1 and Type 2
paleosolsare interpreted as
Inceptisols(Eutrudepts) and
Entisols(Udifluvents), respectively, which formed on proximal and distal
floodplainsin a seasonal, sub-humid to humid wooded grassland-like vegetative community. Type 3
paleosolsare interpreted as
Inceptisols(Calciustepts) that formed in more densely vegetated wooded grassland-like vegetative communities on distal
floodplainsin a strongly seasonal sub-humid to semi-arid environment. The ichnofossil assemblage of Quebrada Honda includes Celliforma , Coprinisphaera , Taenidium , Fictovichnus ,
Planolites,
Skolithos, Katarrhedrites , and root traces and represents heterogeneous communities dominated by soil arthropods and plants. The physical and geochemical properties of the
paleosols, including low maturity, poor development of horizons, and the overall moderate estimates of mean annual precipitation, indicate changes in soil moisture due to seasonal precipitation and flooding and low but varying degrees of temporal stability. The diverse ichnofossil assemblage of Quebrada Honda reflects environments with greater primary productivity and temporal stability than those of nearby Cerdas, Bolivia, which are several million years older. Quebrada Honda's inferred paleoenvironments differ markedly from those of La Venta, Colombia, indicating that dissimilar habitats may partly or principally account for the vastly different faunas of these two well-sampled and contemporaneous fossil localities.
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