Sobre los métodos microbiológicos para la detección de la resistencia a oxacilina en Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos

2016 
espanolIntroduccion. Los Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (SCN) forman parte de la microbiota humana y estan implicados en infecciones de materiales protesicos, dispositivos intravasculares o bacteriemias relacionadas con el cateter. Presentan mayor resistencia que Staphylococcus aureus frente a las diferentes familias de antimicrobianos, y existe un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad de los pacientes cuando se instaura un tratamiento inadecuado. Material y metodos. Analizar los resultados obtenidos mediante diferentes tecnicas comerciales: dos sistemas de microdilucion automatica en placa (MicroScan y Vitek2 Com-pact), aglutinacion de la PBP2a con y sin induccion previa con disco de oxacilina de 1 μg, y deteccion del gen mecA mediante tecnicas de amplificacion de acidos nucleicos, para realizar el diagnostico de resistencia a meticilina en 170 aislados de SCN provenientes de hemocultivos. Resultados. Se detecto la resistencia a meticilina en las 170 cepas mediante MicroScan, en 167 por Vitek 2 Compact, en 115 mediante PBP2a sin induccion con oxacilina de 1μg y en 168 tras la induccion. Finalmente, se detecto la presencia del gen mecA en 167 cepas mediante amplificacion de acidos nucleicos. Conclusiones. Es necesario realizar una induccion con oxacilina 1μg antes de realizar la deteccion de PBP2a para evitar falsos negativos. Existe una gran variabilidad fenotipica en la expresion de la resistencia a meticilina en SCN. EnglishIntroduction. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) take part of the human skin and mucous membranes, but they are also involving in infections with the increasing use of prosthetic, indwelling devices or intravascular catheter-related bacteraemia. They are more resistance than Staphylococcus aureus against a wide range of antimicrobial agents, and it have been observed an increase in morbidity and mortality of patients with incorrect treatment. Material and methods. To analyze the results obtained by different commercial techniques: two automatic microdilution systems (MicroScan and Vitek2 Compact), PBP2a agglutiation test, with and without 1 μg oxacillin disk induction, and detection of mecA gene by nucleic acids amplification techniques, for the diagnosis of methicillin resistance staphylococci in 170 strains of CoNS isolated from blood cultures. Results. One hundred and seventy methicillin resistance staphylococci were detected by MicroScan, 167 strains by Vitek 2 Compact, 115 strains were PBP2a positive without oxacillin induction and 168 after oxacillin induction. Finally, 167 strains were mecA gene positive detected by nucleic acids amplification techniques. Conclusions. It is necessary to do oxacillin induction before PBP2a test to avoid false negatives. There are a great variability in the phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance in CoNS.
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