LIVESTOCK COMPOSITION AND MEAT DIET OF THE POST-DOLMEN PEOPLE OF THE FOOTHILLS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS (ACCORDING TO THE SHUSHUK SETTLEMENT DATA)
2019
This article presents the results of the archaeozoological study of bone material from the dig with
kitchen utensilsof the Shushuk settlement in the
foothillsof Adygea (final of the late
Bronze Age, post-dolmen horizon) - 692 definable fragments. Based on their analysis, the authors conclude that the
livestockeconomy of the post-dolmen people was of a home-based, pasture-stall nature. Cattle is dominant (more than 60% of bones), followed by pigs, while sheep and goats make up only a small percent of the material - about 10%. Hunting did not play a significant role in this society. The horse found in the upper layers can be attributed to
steppeinfluence. By comparing the composition of the Shushuk
livestockwith available data from Early and Middle
Bronze Agesettlements in the region, the researchers conclude that the overall composition of the Shushuk
livestockbears a close resemblance to that of the Daguak-Dakhovsky settlement, which belongs to the Middle
Bronze Age(dolmen culture). The analysis also takes into account comparative data on the
livestockcomposition of contemporary
steppecultures (e.g. Belozersk and Kobyakovsk ones in the Lower Don) in which horses already played a significant role. The authors also attempt to trace the dynamic of change in
livestockcomposition over time as represented by the chronological horizons (i.e.
spits).
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