Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Clinical Trials

Stem cells have been extensively used in tissue repair and cell tissue engineering in preclinical and clinical conditions. One of the stem cells’ characteristics is to provide an ample number of cells for transplantation purposes. Although embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are considered a potential source of stem cells, due to ethical concerns, there is not much progress in using ESCs in clinical conditions. The application of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, and the umbilical cord is extensively used to treat many degenerative diseases. Many clinical trials have been successfully done in the last few years. Moreover, many clinical trials with different phases are under progress where adult MSCs are transplanted in patients with different degenerative diseases. More than 5000 registered clinical trials are in progress as per the ClinicalTrials.gov where stem cells have been applied in disease conditions.