A massive white-dwarf merger product before final collapse.
2019
Gravitational wave emission can lead to the coalescence of close pairs of compact objects orbiting each other. For the case of neutron stars such mergers may yield masses above the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, leading to the formation of black holes. For the case of
white dwarfsthe merger product may exceed the
Chandrasekhar limit, leading either to a thermonuclear explosion as Type Ia
supernova, or to a collapse forming a neutron star. If a Type Ia
supernovaexplosion is avoided, the merger of two massive
white dwarfsis expected to form a hydrogen- and helium-free circumstellar
nebulawith a hot and luminous, rapidly rotating and highly magnetized central star for several 10,000 yr before its final collapse. Here we report the discovery of a hot star with an emission line dominated spectrum in the centre of a circular mid-infrared
nebula. Both the star and the
nebulaappear to be free of hydrogen and helium. Our tailored
stellar atmosphereand wind models indicate a
stellarsurface temperature of about 200,000 K, and a record outflow velocity of 16,000 km/s. This extreme velocity, together with the derived mass outflow rate, imply rapid
stellar rotationand a strong magnetic field aiding the wind acceleration. The Gaia distance of the star leads to a luminosity of 10^{4.5} Lsun, which matches models of the post-merger evolution of super-Chandrasekhar mass
white dwarfs. The high
stellartemperature and the nebular size argue for a short remaining lifetime of the star, which will produce a bright optical and high-energy transient upon collapse. Our observations indicate that super-Chandrasekhar mass
white dwarfmergers can indeed avoid a thermonuclear explosion as Type Ia
supernova, and provide empirical evidence for magnetic field generation in
stellarmergers.
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