In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats
2016
Gastrointestinal
helminthsare a major constraint to small ruminants in extensive husbandry systems of tropical regions. Yet, unavailability, high prices, side effects, and development of parasite resistance often limit the use of synthetic
anthelmintics. Traditional medicinal plants might be an effective low-cost alternative. Therefore the in vitro
anthelminticactivity of leaf extracts of the ligneous plants
Capparis decidua,
Salsolafoetida ,
Suaeda fruticosa,
Haloxylon salicornicum, and
Haloxylonrecurvum from Cholistan, Pakistan, was investigated against adult worms of
Haemonchus contortus,
Trichuris ovis, and
Paramphistomum cervi. Various concentrations (from 7.8 to 500 mg dry matter ml^(−1)) of three extracts (aqueous, methanol, and aqueous-methanol) of each plant were tested at different time intervals for their
anthelminticactivity via adult motility assay. Plant species (p<=0.01), extract type (p<=0.001), parasite species (p<=0.001), extract concentration (p<=0.001), time of exposure (p<=0.001) and their interactions (p<=0.001) affected the number of immobile or dead
helminths. The 50% lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values indicated that the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of C.
decidua, H. recurvum , and H. salicornicum as well as the methanol extract of S. fruticosa have the potential to be developed into plant-based remedies against the studied
helminths. Further studies are needed to investigate the in vivo
anthelminticactivity of these extracts, in order to develop effective, cheap and locally available
anthelminticsfor pastoralists in Cholistan and neighbouring desert regions.
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