Parton fragmentation in the vacuum and in the medium

We present the mini-proceedings of the workshop on `` Parton fragmentationin the vacuum and in the medium'' held at the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physicsand Related Areas (ECT*, Trento) in February 2008. The workshop gathered both theorists and experimentalists to discuss the current status of investigations of quark and gluon fragmentationinto hadrons at different accelerator facilities (LEP, B-factories, JLab, HERA, RHIC, and Tevatron) as well as preparations for extension of these studies at the LHC. The main physics topics covered were: (i) light-quark and gluon fragmentationin the vacuum including theoretical (global fits analyses and MLLA) and experimental (data from e+e-, p-p, e-p collisions) aspects, (ii) strange and heavy-quark fragmentation, (iii) parton fragmentationin cold QCD matter(nuclear DIS), and (iv) medium-modified fragmentationin hot and dense QCD matter(high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions). These mini-proceedings consist of an introduction and short summaries of the talks presented at the meeting.