Chronic plantar fasciitis is mediated by local hemodynamics: Implications for emerging therapies

Plantar fasciitis(PF) is a common, disabling condition affecting millions of patients each year. With early diagnosis and timely application of traditional nonsurgical treatments, symptoms generally resolve over time. However, despite adequate treatment, 20% of patients will experience persistent symptoms. In these patients, minimally invasive therapies that augment local hemodynamics to initiate a regenerative tissue-healingcascade have the greatest potential to resolve long-standing symptoms. We performed a narrative review based on a best evidence evaluation of manuscripts published in Medline-indexed journals to determine the mechanisms involved in soft tissue injuryand healing. This evaluation also highlights emerging minimally invasive therapies that exploit these mechanisms in recalcitrant PF.