Effectiveness of Antithymocyte Globulin Induction Dosing Regimens in Kidney Transplantation Patients: A Network Meta-analysis

Abstract Background Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is an induction therapy in kidney transplantation, but our knowledge about the relation between outcomes and ATG regimens is limited. We compared ATG effectiveness in kidney transplantation according to dosage and administration schedule. Methods Reports from 1970 until May 2018 in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded were searched. We performed direct and indirect network meta-analysis using Bayesian models and generated rankings for ATG dosage and injection number variations by generation mixed treatment comparison.We compared ATG dose and schedule in kidney transplantation in relation to all-cause death, graft failure, antibody-mediated rejection, T-cell mediated rejection, biopsy-proven acute rejection, and bacterial and viral infection. Results Ten studies (N = 1065) were analyzed by forming 6 groups: ATG alternate doses, 9 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 4.5 mg/kg; single dose, 6 mg/kg, and 4.5 mg/kg; and control. Compared to placebo, ATG regimen variations were not associated with significant differences in survival, viral infection, renal function, or graft survival. ATG regimens 9 and 4.5 mg alternate dosing tended to reduce biopsy-proven acute rejection but without statistical significance. According to the highest rank probability, the 9 mg alternate dosing group had the highest tendency for cytomegalovirus and bacterial infections but without statistical significance. Conclusions The rejection frequency tended to be lower for the 9 and 4.5 mg alternate dosing groups. Infections occurred at a higher rate in the 9 mg alternate dosing group, but the differences in the risk of infection among the groups with different ATG regimens were not statistically significant.