Feeding habits of marmosets: A case study of bark anatomy and chemical composition of Anadenanthera peregrina gum.
2017
Primates of the genus
Callithrixoften obtain
exudatesfrom plants of the family Fabaceae. This study characterizes the chemical composition of
exudates, and the anatomy and hystochemistry of the secretory ducts in the bark of
Anadenanthera peregrina(L.) Speg. var. peregrina (Fabaceae).
Exudatesfrom this tree species represent an important component of the diet of hybrid
marmosets,
Callithrixspp. (Primates:
Cebidae). A. peregrina was selected as the focal study tree because it is the only gum tree species exploited by
Callithrixgroups present within five
urban forestfragments in the municipality of Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Gum samples were obtained directly from gouges made by the
marmosets, while bark samples were obtained from A. peregrina plants, whether or not they were damaged by the
marmosets. Constitutive secretory ducts were present in the bark of ungouged A. peregrina, whereas,
marmosetdamage caused induced secretory duct formation and an increase in the size of these ducts. The gum produced in the gouges made by the
marmosetsand in ungouged plants reacted positively to tests for polysaccharides, pectin,
mucilage, and proteins. The gum from the gouges exhibited high water (41.0%), carbohydrate (38.2%), protein (19.0%), and mineral (Ca 0.4% and K 0.3%) content. We argue that the relatively high calcium content of A. peregrina gum plays an important nutritional role in, balancing a diet that is otherwise rich in phosphorous and poor in calcium.
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