Mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1, KIF5C and KIF2A cause malformations of cortical development and microcephaly
2013
The genetic causes of malformations of cortical development (MCD) remain largely unknown. Here we report the discovery of multiple pathogenic
missense mutationsin
TUBG1, DYNC1H1 and KIF2A, as well as a single
germline mosaicmutation in KIF5C, in subjects with MCD. We found a frequent recurrence of mutations in DYNC1H1, implying that this gene is a major locus for unexplained MCD. We further show that the mutations in KIF5C, KIF2A and DYNC1H1 affect
ATP hydrolysis, productive
protein foldingand
microtubulebinding, respectively. In addition, we show that suppression of mouse
Tubg1expression in vivo interferes with proper
neuronal migration, whereas expression of altered γ-tubulin proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupts normal
microtubulebehavior. Our data reinforce the importance of
centrosomaland
microtubule-related proteins in cortical development and strongly suggest that
microtubule-dependent mitotic and postmitotic processes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of MCD.
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