Proposta de Gestão Adequada de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares em Comunidades Rurais Utilizando Análise Espacial

Os residuos solidos rurais representam um grande entrave ao desenvolvimento sustentavel pautado na sustentabilidade ambiental, social e economica. A destinacao incorreta dos residuos solidos promove impactos negativos a saude humana e aos sistemas ambientais. Portanto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram descrever a forma de disposicao final dos residuos solidos domiciliares em sete comunidades rurais inseridas na Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Nacional da Furna Feia, RN, e apresentar uma proposta de gestao adequada de residuos solidos produzidos nestas comunidades. A metodologia foi pautada na observacao nao participante, com base na logica de investigacao fenomenologica, e na pesquisa-acao, visando contribuir com a gestao dos residuos solidos domiciliares. Para a espacializacao dos elementos de logistica e infraestrutura do modelo de gestao proposto neste estudo, que inclui rotas e pontos de coleta de materiais reciclaveis, utilizou-se um sistema de informacao geografica, o Quantum GIS, com o auxilio do modulo de digitalizacao. Os dados indicaram que em todas as residencias avaliadas ocorre a queima de residuo solido, enquanto a reutilizacao de materiais reciclaveis foi registrada em 57,5% das residencias. O residuo orgânico, compreendido por sobras de alimento, foi destinado a alimentacao de animais domesticos e de producao. Com base nestes dados, e apresentada uma proposta de gestao adequada dos residuos solidos domiciliares, com foco na reutilizacao de materiais reciclaveis, com possibilidade de geracao de renda, por meio de cooperativas e/ou associacoes. Para os rejeitos, elaborou-se uma proposta de coleta intermunicipal, visando diminuir gastos operacionais e possibilitar a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Proposed Appropriate Management of Household Solid Waste in Rural Communities Using Spatial Analysis A B S T R A C T Rural solid waste represents a major obstacle to sustainable development based on environmental, social and economic sustainability. Incorrect disposal of solid waste causes negative impacts on human health and environmental systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to describe the form of final disposal of household solid waste in seven rural communities inserted in the buffer zone of Furna Feia National Park, RN, Brazil, and present a proposal for appropriate management of solid waste produced in these communities. The methodology was based on non-participant observation, through of the logic of phenomenological research, and action research, aiming to contribute to the management of household solid waste. For the spatialization of the logistics and infrastructure elements of the management model proposed in this study, which includes routes and collection points for recyclable materials, we used a geographic information system, Quantum GIS, with the aid of the digitization module. Data indicated that in all households evaluated, solid waste is burned, while the reuse of recyclable materials was recorded in 57.5% of households. The organic waste, comprised of food scraps, was destined to feed domestic and farm animals. Based on these data, we present a proposal for the appropriate management of household solid waste, focusing on the reuse of recyclable materials, with the possibility of generating financial resources through cooperatives and/or associations. For the tailing, we elaborated a proposal for intercity collection, aiming to reduce operating expenses and enable social and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Geoprocessing; Environmental management; Public policy; Sustainability; Protected area.