Initial hazard assessment of ethyl(dimethyl)(tetradecyl)ammonium ethyl sulfate: Genotoxicity tests and combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening in rats.

Abstract Ethyl(dimethyl)(tetradecyl)ammonium ethyl sulfate, used in laundry detergents, shampoos, and body soaps, is classified by the Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law as a priority assessment chemical substance for environmental effects. However, its toxicity data for human health are insufficient. This study evaluated this chemical under the Safety Examination of Existing Chemicals and Safety Programmes of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). The MHLW conducted bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), in vitro chromosomal aberration, and combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening tests. We performed a screening assessment of ethyl(dimethyl)(tetradecyl)ammonium ethyl sulfate for human health. The chemical showed a negative reaction in the Ames test and a positive reaction in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test with metabolic activation in rats. The combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test showed significantly decreased food consumption at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, but no reproductive and developmental toxicity was observed. The no-observed-effect level of 15 mg/kg/day was obtained as a screening value. Therefore, this chemical was classified as hazard class 3, with a derived-no-effect level of 0.025 mg/kg/day. The results of this study will be useful for risk assessment of groups of structurally similar alkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants.