ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF VEHICLE FLEET OF MALMOE MUNICIPALITY

VTI has estimated the environmental consequences of the introduction of electric and natural gasoperation in vehicles of Malmoe Municipality. For 1995, three scenarios have been defined with different proportions of electric and natural gas vehicles, and one scenario for transportation of improved efficiency. Emission factors were determined for an urban cycle for five vehicle categories. Annual emissions were then calculated for total traffic and for municipal vehicles. The alternative with the highest proportion of alternative fuels (A) comprised: 1) Electrical propulsion - 66 cars and 88 light trucks, 2) Natural gaspropulsion - 5 heavy lorries and 6 special vehicles. Efficiency improvements (B) resulted in 20% reduction in vehicle km for light trucks and in 10% for heavy lorries. The percentage reductions in emissions for these alternatives, compared with basic scenario (conventional fuels, no efficiency improvements) were: HC-A 0.5%, B 5.9%,CO-A 0%, B 8%, NOx-A 1.6%, B 3.6%, CO2-A 3%, B 7.2%, SO2-A 8.4%, B 5.9%, particulates -A 6.1%, B 5.3%.